Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
June 2024 Examination
- How can a regional bank struggling with a lack of transparency, employee misconduct, and customer trust issues utilize the 7S model to implement targeted strategies and actions aimed at cultivating a transparent and ethical organizational culture? Furthermore, what key performance indicators and assessment methods can be employed to measure the success of these initiatives in rebuilding trust and fostering ethical behavior within the financial institution? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s dynamic business environment, regional banks face increasing scrutiny regarding ethical practices and governance. The emergence of issues such as lack of transparency, employee misconduct, and diminishing customer trust highlights a crucial need for systemic organizational change. The McKinsey 7S Framework offers a strategic approach to addressing these challenges by focusing on aligning seven key elements: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, skills, style, and staff. This holistic model is instrumental in diagnosing and rectifying organizational misalignments that contribute to ethical lapses. By leveraging the 7S Framework, a regional bank can implement targeted It is only half solved
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- Emily, an education consultant, is working with a school district to recommend curriculum improvements. She discovers a cutting-edge educational technology company that aligns perfectly with the district’s needs. However, Emily has a close friendship with the CEO of the tech company, and she stands to gain financially if the school district adopts their products. How could Emily’s conflict of interest impact her ability to promote the well-being of the school district, considering the elements of the PERMA model which focuses on Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of business ethics, the presence of a conflict of interest can profoundly affect the decision-making process, potentially compromising the integrity and outcomes of business engagements. Emily, an education consultant, finds herself in a complex ethical dilemma due to her personal and financial
- a. As a senior executive at a multinational tech company, you discover that a key competitor is on the brink of bankruptcy due to a major security breach. Your boss suggests exploiting this situation by spreading false information about the competitor’s financial health to gain a market advantage. If you comply, you are promised a substantial bonus and job security. How do you navigate this ethical dilemma, considering the trade-offs in business ethics, and what actions would you take to uphold ethical standards in this scenario? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the competitive world of business, ethical dilemmas frequently challenge executives to balance personal gain against moral integrity. When a senior executive at a multinational tech company is faced with the opportunity to exploit a competitor’s misfortune by disseminating false information, the ethical implications are profound. This scenario tests the executive’s commitment to ethical
3b. As a marketing manager for a popular fashion retailer, you are tasked with creating an advertising campaign for a new clothing line. Your boss suggests exaggerating the sustainability and ethical sourcing practices of the products, even though some of the manufacturing processes involve environmentally harmful practices. Additionally, your boss wants to use deceptive pricing strategies to create a false sense of urgency among customers. What unfair business practices are evident in this scenario, and how would you address them to maintain ethical standards in marketing? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In marketing, the integrity of promotional messages is crucial to maintaining consumer trust and corporate responsibility. When a marketing manager is pressured to embellish the sustainability credentials of a new clothing line and employ deceptive pricing strategies, significant ethical concerns arise. This scenario showcases two fundamental unfair business practices: misleading advertising and price
Corporate Finance
June 2024 Examination
Q1. The following information is available of material X purchased by a company for its manufacturing operations.
- Annual requirement 60,000 units
- Purchase price per unit Rs.80
- Inventory carrying cost per unit per annum Rs.10
- Cost of placing an order Rs.1000
- Alternate order sizes (in units)
(i) 60,000 (ii) 30,000 (iii) 15,000 and (iv) 5000
Determine the total of ordering cost and inventory carrying cost for ordering in each of the lot sizes.
Using EOQ formula determine the EOQ of this item. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Corporate finance often involves the management of a company’s finances, ensuring that every operational facet is optimized for cost-effectiveness and efficiency. One crucial area in this realm is inventory management, where the key objective is to minimize the total costs associated with ordering and holding inventory. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is a fundamental tool used in this process. It provides the most cost-effective quantity of stock to order, considering factors like total demand, order costs, and carrying costs. In the provided scenario, a company needs to evaluate its inventory management strategy for material X by calculating the ordering and carrying costs for different order sizes and determining the
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Q2. From the following information calculate the duration of the operating cycle for each of the two years
| Particulars | 2022-2023 (Rs.) | 2023-2024 (Rs.) | |
| Stocks of Raw | 2,70,000 | ||
| Materials work-in- | 2,00,000 | 1,20,000 | 1,50,000 1,75,000 |
| process Finished Goods | 2,50,000 | ||
| Purchase of raw materials on | 15,00,000 | 18,00,000 | |
| Credit | |||
| Cost of goods sold | 18,00,000 | 19,00,000 | |
| Credit Sales | 25,00,000 | 27,00,000 | |
| Debtors | 5,00,000 | 6,00,000 | |
| Creditors | 1,00,000 | 1,50,000 | |
All figures to be rounded off to the nearest whole number (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The duration of the operating cycle is a vital measure in business finance, illustrating the total time taken by a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flows from sales. This metric is particularly important as it helps in assessing the liquidity and efficiency of a company’s operational processes. For the purpose of this analysis, we will compute the operating cycle for two fiscal years, 2022-2023 and 2023-2024, based on the provided financial data. The data includes inventories (stocks of raw materials, work-in-
Q3a. The earnings per share of a company which is capitalized at 15% is Rs.8. Its return on investment is 18%. According to Walter’s Model what would be the market price per share if the company pays a dividend of Rs. 4 per share? According to Walters what should be optimum dividend payable in this situation and what wouldbe the market price per share in that situation? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The question provided offers a scenario to explore the impact of dividend policies on a company’s market price per share using Walter’s Model. This model, created by Professor James E. Walter, evaluates how dividends affect the company’s value based on its return on investment (ROI) and cost of equity (ke). By applying this model, we can determine the optimum dividend policy and its corresponding market price, which is particularly valuable for financial
Q3b.A Company sells its product to its regular customers on 60 days credit. The Finance Manager has suggested that they should offer to their customers a cash discount of 2% if payment is made within 10 days. The company finances its working capital requirement from a bank at 14% interest. Should the advice of theFinance Manager be accepted? Further, should a customer of the company who finances his working capital requirement at 12% interest accept the offer? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Evaluating the Finance Manager’s proposal to offer a 2% cash discount for early payments involves analyzing the financial implications for both the company and its customers. The decision revolves around the cost of financing and the benefits derived from improved cash flow. This analysis will provide insights into whether such a discount is beneficial from a corporate finance perspective.
Concept and
Customer Relationship Management
June 2024 Examination
- Salman wants to implement CRM in his organization. He has hired a consultant. What do you think will be the consultants pitch on the advantages, disadvantages of CRM and future of CRM? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s highly competitive business landscape, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are pivotal tools for enhancing interaction and engagement with customers. As organizations strive to refine their customer interactions and optimize business outcomes, the adoption of CRM solutions becomes a strategic imperative. Salman’s decision to implement a CRM system in his organization underscores a commitment to leveraging technology to foster closer, more productive customer relationships. A consultant, in advocating for CRM, would not only highlight the myriad benefits such systems offer but also navigate It is only half solved
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- Companies invest in CRM, owing to the success and benefits it has implementing it. What do you think do companies benefit because of implementing CRM in the areas of sales, services, and marketing? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems have become pivotal in the strategic management of company-customer interactions across various business sectors. As markets grow more competitive, organizations invest significantly in CRM to enhance their operational efficiencies and foster stronger customer relationships. This technological integration supports an array of business functions, with particular emphasis on sales, services, and marketing. By leveraging CRM systems, companies can streamline processes, personalize customer interactions, and improve customer satisfaction. This paper explores the
- Airtel is about to implement a CRM technology. You are the Chief Information Officer. How will you:
- Ensure that your database is correct in all aspect and build a database of your customers for the future? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
As the Chief Information Officer of Airtel, implementing a CRM technology requires a robust and accurate customer database as its foundation. Ensuring the integrity and efficacy of this database is paramount to leverage the full potential of CRM, enhancing customer relations, and driving business success. This involves meticulous planning, execution, and maintenance strategies.
Concept and
- From where will you source data for this? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The successful implementation of a CRM system in Airtel hinges significantly on the sourcing of accurate and comprehensive data. Identifying the right data sources is crucial to ensure that the database reflects a true and useful picture of our customer base. We will leverage a variety of internal and
Emerging Trends in Accountancy
June 2024 Examination
Q1. Reputable accounting company Pacioli Accounting Services has been offering its clients expert services for a number of years. Given the rapid pace at which technology is developing, the company understands how important it is to keep up with new developments in order to be competitive and satisfy the changing needs of its clientele. Pacioli Accounting Services is investigating a range of cutting-edge technologies in an effort to improve its customer value proposition, accuracy, and efficiency. Notwithstanding, the organization encounters difficulties in assessing and executing these technologies efficiently given the ever-changing accounting sector.
Discuss the significance of emerging technologies in the context of Pacioli Accounting Services’ operations and service delivery. Identify and analyze the different emerging technologies that hold potential for transforming the accounting profession. (10 mark)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the swiftly evolving world of finance and accountancy, staying at the forefront of technological advancement is no longer a luxury but a necessity for firms aiming to maintain competitiveness and client satisfaction. Pacioli Accounting Services, a veteran in the field, recognizes this imperative and is exploring innovative technologies to enhance its services. The integration of emerging technologies not only promises to augment the accuracy and efficiency of accounting processes but also reshapes the overall customer value proposition. This essay will delve into the significance of these
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Q2. Crypto Solutions, a technology consulting company focuses in offering firms in a range of industries tailored information systems. Crypto Solutions understands how important it is to create and deploy efficient information systems that are customized to fit the specific demands and goals of its clients, as more and more businesses turn to technology to improve efficiency and obtain a competitive edge. The company does, however, have difficulties choosing the right technology, comprehending customer needs, and making sure that information systems are deployed and integrated seamlessly inside intricate organizational contexts.
Examine how important information systems are to Crypto Solutions’ client interactions and service offerings. Determine and evaluate the essential elements and features of the information systems that a company designs and implements. (10 mark)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Crypto Solutions, a technology consulting firm, specializes in providing bespoke information systems to diverse industries. As businesses increasingly lean on technology to bolster their operational efficiency and secure a competitive advantage, the role of tailored information systems becomes critical. Crypto Solutions’ core objective is to design and implement systems that precisely cater to the unique requirements and objectives of its clients. However, this endeavor presents significant challenges including the selection of appropriate technology, understanding client
Q3. Warren Consulting, a reputable accounting firm with a strong reputation for providing financial consulting services, is constantly looking for new ways to improve the services it offers and stay competitive in the ever-changing business world. Warren Consulting is thinking about ways to incorporate Fintech innovations into its accounting operations in order to provide more value to its clients and remain ahead of the curve. Warren Consulting recognizes the revolutionary potential of Fintech. The company must, however, navigate the fintech integration’s complexity and make sure it is seamlessly adopted within its conventional accounting structure.
- a) Analyze the opportunities and obstacles that Warren Consulting must address in leveraging Fintech innovations. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Warren Consulting, an esteemed financial consulting firm, is exploring the integration of Fintech innovations into its accounting services to enhance value and maintain competitiveness. The adoption of Fintech promises transformative benefits but also presents substantial challenges, particularly in melding these technologies with traditional accounting practices effectively and seamlessly.
Concept
- b) Identify and analyze the different Fintech innovations that have the potential to transform accounting processes and client services. (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Fintech innovations are rapidly transforming the landscape of accounting by introducing technologies that streamline operations and enhance client services. These innovations not only improve efficiency but also open new avenues for delivering financial insights and managing data with unprecedented precision. For accounting firms like Warren Consulting, understanding and harnessing these technologies is crucial to staying competitive in a digitally evolving marketplace.
Concept
Financial Institutions & Markets
June 2024 Examination
- “Banking and financial services have been seen as a significant transformation as a result of the introduction of digital technologies”. In view to the given statement, enumerate how UPI, Blockchain and AI are changing the trends in the banking and financial service industry. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The banking and financial services industry is undergoing a radical transformation driven by the advent of digital technologies. This shift is not just about automation or increased efficiency; it’s about fundamentally redefining how financial transactions and services are conducted globally. Among the most influential technologies shaping this change are the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). These innovations are revolutionizing the industry by enabling faster, more secure, and customer-centric financial processes. The integration of these technologies has not only enhanced operational efficiencies but also expanded the scope of financial services, making them more accessible to a broader audience. This essay will explore the specific impacts of UPI, Blockchain, and AI on the banking and financial services sector, highlighting the transformative potential each
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- Elaborate the given statement “It is better to invest money in some other financial instrument rather than buying life Insurance. ‘’ (10 Marks)
Introduction
The debate over the optimal deployment of personal finance often centers around comparing investment in life insurance versus other financial instruments. Traditionally, life insurance has been considered a cornerstone of financial planning, primarily providing security against the uncertainties of life. However, with the evolution of diverse investment opportunities offering potentially higher returns, many now argue that funds might be better allocated elsewhere. This assertion rests
- Neeta wants to diversify her portfolio and wants to invest in mutual fund. She is unaware about mutual funds and its significance.
- Help Neeta to explain details about mutual fund and its significance in investing in Mutual fund. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Mutual funds present an appealing investment option for individuals like Neeta looking to diversify their investment portfolios. By pooling money from many investors, mutual funds allow individuals to invest in a broad range of securities, managed by professional fund managers. This approach provides an accessible route to a diversified investment portfolio, which can mitigate risk while potentially enhancing returns.
Concept and Application
A mutual fund is
- Help Neeta to understand the various types of Mutual Funds and structure of Mutual Funds. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
For investors like Neeta who are considering mutual funds as a part of their investment strategy, understanding the various types of mutual funds and their structures is crucial. Each type of mutual fund caters to different investor needs based on risk tolerance, investment horizon, and financial goals. This knowledge can empower Neeta to make informed decisions that align with her
Financial Management
June 2024 Examination
- Mr. Ratan has two alternative proposals under consideration.
| Project | Capital Outlay |
| Big Basket | 30,00,000 |
| Tata max | 60,00,000 |
Both are estimated to provide a cash flow for five years:
| Project | Cash Inflows |
| Big Basket | 15,00,000 |
| Tata max | 28,00,000 |
Cost of capital 11%
Show which of the two projects is preferable from the view point of
(i) Net present value method
(ii) Profitability Index (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Financial management involves making strategic decisions that ensure optimal utilization of financial resources to maximize shareholder value. Two fundamental tools commonly employed in financial management are the Net Present Value (NPV) method and the Profitability Index (PI). These tools assist in evaluating the viability and profitability of investment projects by considering the time value of money. This analysis is crucial, as it helps in determining whether an investment will yield returns that exceed the cost of capital. Here, we examine two investment proposals for Mr. Ratan: “Big Basket” with a capital outlay of ₹30,00,000 and “Tata max” requiring ₹60,00,000. By applying NPV and PI calculations, we aim to discern which project offers better financial returns relative to their costs, thus guiding Mr. Ratan in making an informed investment It is only half solved
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- A company named Renuka Pvt. Ltd raised capital from the market by using below given sources:
| Bank Loan | 40,00,000 |
| Equity Share Cap | 60,00,000 |
| Total Capital | 1,00,00,000 |
| Interest rate on Loan | 11% |
| Beta of Renuka | 1.55 |
| Rf | 7% |
| Rm | 14.0% |
| Tax Rate | 25% |
Compute the overall cost of capital of Renuka Limited (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The overall cost of capital for a company is a crucial metric used to evaluate the efficiency with which a company utilizes the capital it acquires to generate returns. For Renuka Pvt. Ltd, understanding this metric is essential as it raises capital through a mix of equity and debt. This combined cost, known as the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), provides a comprehensive picture of the expense the company incurs in financing its operations. WACC is particularly significant for investment decisions, pricing of financial instruments, and corporate valuation. It integrates the cost of equity and the cost of debt, adjusting for the tax shield benefits of debt financing. By calculating the WACC, Renuka Pvt. Ltd can assess how much interest the company owes for every rupee it finances, guiding
3a. Kindly suggest the factors which are used to access the working capital requirement of mid- size restaurant located in tier 2 city on India. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Assessing the working capital requirements of a mid-size restaurant in a Tier 2 city in India involves a detailed analysis of various financial and operational factors. This analysis ensures that the restaurant can meet its day-to-day expenses efficiently, support smooth operations, and maintain a buffer for unforeseen expenditures. Identifying these factors is crucial for the financial health and sustainability of the business.
Concept and
3b. ABC Retailers operates a chain of grocery stores in a Tier 2 city in India. They purchase goods from suppliers on credit terms of 30 days and sell them to customers on cash terms. On average, it takes 10 days for the goods to be sold after they are received from the suppliers. The company takes an additional 5 days to collect payments from customers. Calculate the operating cycle for ABC Retailers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The operating cycle is a critical financial metric for ABC Retailers, a grocery store chain operating in a Tier 2 city in India. This measure reflects the length of time taken from purchasing inventory to collecting cash from sales. Understanding this cycle helps the company manage its cash flow efficiently, ensuring they have adequate resources to meet business needs and maintain operational stabilit
Financial Modeling
June 2024 Examination
- A project proposal has been received by RKD Ltd. To capture a new market segment which is expected to generate substantial revenue for the firm. The project requires machinery to be imported from France and the cost of machinery is $4.8 million. Based on the assessment of the marketing team of RKD Ltd., it is predicted that additional revenue generated from the project will be around $2.5 Million per year for the next five years and after that, the market will cease to exist. To have a conservative assessment, the proposal suggests using the SLN method of depreciation for the machinery over its five-year economic life to depreciate the asset to Zero Value. The cost of goods sold, and other operating expenses related to the project are predicted to be 25 % of sales. Additionally, the project would require a net working capital of $350,000 immediately which can be utilized in any other project after the current project ends. The machinery may be salvaged post-closure of the project for $500,000. Assuming the corporate tax @ 30% and the required rate of return/hurdle rate for RKD Ltd to take up the project as 20%, take a call if RKD can proceed with the project? Provide a holistic view of the project and rationale for accepting or rejecting the project proposal based on NPV, IRR, PBP, DPBP, and PI criteria. Make and state any necessary assumptions if required. Create a dynamic model using to evaluate the above problem. The model should use cell referencing to ensure changing of assumptions/input items and therefore automatically reflecting changes in the final decision. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
RKD Ltd. faces a pivotal decision regarding a proposed project to enter a new market segment expected to yield significant revenues over a limited five-year period. The project involves the acquisition of machinery from France for $4.8 million, with anticipated additional annual revenues of $2.5 million. However, this machinery’s value will depreciate to zero using the straight-line method over its economic life. Furthermore, the project incurs 25% sales-related operational costs and requires an initial investment in net working capital of $350,000, which is recoverable at the project’s end. A potential salvage value of $500,000 for the machinery post-project adds to the financial considerations. This introduction sets the stage for a detailed
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- Using information presented below. Create a dynamic model to compute and compare (provide inferences and interpretation) the various depreciation approaches and present the final depreciation schedule on a Graph. The graph needs to be linked with the Input Details and, therefore, dynamic. (10 Marks)
User Input:
| Purchase price of Asset | $240,000 |
| Salvage value of Asset | $4,000 |
| Useful life of Asset | 10 years |
| Years Start year of Use of Asset | 2024 |
The different depreciation approaches to be considered for the model:
- Straight-Line
- Fixed Declining
- Double Declining
- Sum-Of-The-Years-Digits
- Variable Declining Balance
Ans 2.
Introduction
Depreciation is a crucial financial concept used to allocate the cost of tangible assets over their useful lives. It represents the wear and tear on an asset, the reduction in value due to usage and technological advancements. Businesses use various depreciation methods to match the expense recognition with the revenue generated by the asset, which helps in achieving a fair representation of financial statements. This analysis explores five common depreciation methods: Straight-
3.a. Create a Dynamic Loan Amortization Schedule by taking three user inputs.
Loan Amount: 50,00,000
Interest Rate: 9% per annum
Loan Tenure: 20 Years
The dynamic loan amortization schedule should provide a tabular response indicating Monthly EMI, Interest Component, Principal Component, Loan Outstanding after each EMI repayment. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
A loan amortization schedule is a detailed table of periodic loan payments, showing the allocation of each payment into principal and interest. Creating a dynamic amortization schedule for a specified loan amount, interest rate, and tenure can aid borrowers in understanding how their loan balance decreases over time. This setup helps in financial planning and assessing the cost of borrowing.
Concept and
3b.Link the Dynamic Loan Amortization Schedule to create a Graphical Representation of Payment Breakup (Principal Paid & Interest Paid) as shown below. Also Present a Stacked Bar Chart representing Principal and Interest paid. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Visualizing financial data can significantly enhance understanding and decision-making. A graphical representation of a loan amortization schedule, particularly through a stacked bar chart, offers a clear and immediate understanding of how each payment is divided between principal and interest over the loan’s duration. This visualization aids borrowers in grasping the financial dynamics of
Financial Statement Analysis
June 2024 Examination
- In a bustling corporate headquarters, Sarah, a financial analyst, faces a critical task: assessing the financial health of her company. With quarterly reports due, she delves into horizontal and vertical analysis to gain deeper insights. As Sarah compares successive financial statements, she employs horizontal analysis to track trends over time. This reveals patterns in revenue growth, expense management, and profit margins, helping her identify areas of strength or concern. Meanwhile, vertical analysis allows Sarah to dissect financial statements by expressing line items as proportions of a base figure, typically total revenue or assets. This helps her evaluate the relative significance of each component within the company’s operations. Ultimately, armed with the insights from horizontal and vertical analysis, Sarah crafts a comprehensive report for stakeholders, empowering them to make informed decisions about investments, strategic direction, and resource allocation. Explain how in this dynamic world of finance, these two analytical tools prove indispensable. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
In today’s fast-paced corporate environment, financial analysts like Sarah are indispensable for navigating the complexities of economic trends and organizational performance. As companies contend with volatile markets and competitive pressures, the ability to accurately assess financial health becomes crucial. Financial statement analysis, particularly through horizontal and vertical analysis, serves as a cornerstone in this evaluation process. These tools enable analysts to uncover vital trends and ratios from financial statements, translating complex data into actionable insights. This not only enhances the decision-making process for current operations but It is only half solved
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- As the annual general meeting approaches, Lisa, the company secretary of a thriving tech firm, finds herself immersed in preparing the directors’ report. With the Companies Accounts Rules 2014 guiding her, she meticulously crafts a comprehensive overview of the company’s performance and prospects. In essence, the directors’ report serves as a comprehensive narrative of the company’s performance, governance practices, and commitment to sustainable growth, providing shareholders and stakeholders with valuable insights into the company’s operations and prospects. Can you help Lisa identify the content of directors’ report as per the Rule 8 of the Companies (Accounts) Rule, 2014? (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the corporate governance framework, the directors’ report is an essential document that offers stakeholders a detailed insight into a company’s operational, financial, and strategic performance over the fiscal year. Governed by Rule 8 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, this report must comply with specific statutory requirements to ensure transparency, accountability, and informative communication to shareholders. For Lisa, the company secretary of a thriving tech firm, preparing the directors’ report as the annual general meeting (AGM) approaches is a task of paramount importance. The report not only reflects the company’s past achievements and future prospects but also aligns with regulatory mandates, reinforcing the
- The two primary objectives of every business are profitability and solvency. Profits are often used as the basis for judging the performance of a business. However, there are other aspects too. Furthermore, owing to the summarized nature of financial statements, a lot of truths are hidden in them. Thus, they need to be analyzed and interpreted by means of financial ratios to enable the users understand the meaning of the absolute amounts shown in them, and make informed business decisions. Style Ltd. and Diva Ltd. are two manufacturing companies operating in the same industry with similar strategies. Both the companies are well-established with a long heritage of success. The following is an extract from the financial statements of Style Ltd. and Diva Ltd. for the year ending March 31, 2023
(₹ in million)
| Particulars | Style
Ltd. |
Diva
Ltd. |
| Net Sales | 300 | 280 |
| Other Income | 20 | 10 |
| Gross Profit | 152 | 140 |
| Operating Profit/EBITDA/EBIT | 67 | 60 |
| Interest Expense | 14 | 13 |
| Net Profit | 27 | 24 |
| Cash | 19 | 11 |
| Accounts receivable | 32 | 20 |
| Loans given to other companies | 43 | 34 |
| Other current assets | 17 | 26 |
| Inventory | 121 | 99 |
| Other non-current assets | 4 | 1 |
| Net Fixed Assets | 94 | 79 |
| Total Assets | 330 | 270 |
| Accounts Payable | 32 | 21 |
| Current maturities of long-term
borrowings |
26 | 21 |
| Short-term borrowings | 9 | 8 |
| Interest accrued but not due | 3 | 2 |
| Short-term Provisions | 35 | 28 |
| Long-term borrowings | 90 | 80 |
| Paid-up Share Capital | 37 | 37 |
| Retained Earnings | 98 | 73 |
You are required to compute the following ratios for both the companies and comment:
- Leverage- Debt to Equity and Interest Coverage Ratio (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Analyzing the financial health of a business requires more than just a glance at its profits and losses. Financial ratios provide a deeper insight into a company’s operational efficiency, financial stability, and overall performance. Specifically, leverage ratios like Debt to Equity and Interest Coverage Ratio are critical in assessing the financial structure and risk level of a company. For Style Ltd. and Diva Ltd., these ratios will highlight their financial
- Profitability- Gross Profit Margin and Return on Equity (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Profitability ratios such as Gross Profit Margin and Return on Equity (ROE) provide critical insights into a company’s efficiency at generating profits and managing its resources to provide returns to shareholders. By examining these ratios for Style Ltd. and Diva Ltd., we can evaluate their ability to convert sales into profits and their effectiveness in using equity to generate earnings, respectively. These indicators are vital for assessing the overall
Project Management
June 2024 Examination
- Radhika Sharma owns a business specializing in handcrafted Indian fragrance candles. Her candles are made using a unique blend of aromatic ingredients sourced from various regions of India, including Sandalwood, Jasmine, Rose, Lavender, Patchouli, Vetiver, Cedarwood, and Nag Champa. As of September 10th, 2024, all ingredients are available in her inventory except for Vetiver and Nag Champa, which are on backorder. These two ingredients are expected to take 3 more days to arrive at inventory. Radhika placed an order for all the ingredients a week ago to fulfill an upcoming consignment of 500 candles.
Currently, Radhika’s team members, Ananya and Priya, are hand-pouring the candle wax into molds, a process that takes approximately 2 days. Meanwhile, Aarav and Rohan are preparing the fragrance blends using available ingredients, they will complete this in 1 day time. Aradhya is in charge of setting up the packaging station, this plan of hers is expected to be finalized by the end of day. while Divya and Ishan have ordered custom packaging materials, which are expected to arrive in 3 to 4 days. Once the packaging materials arrive, they will commence the packaging process.
Task/Activity Order:
- Order all ingredients.
- Store ingredients in inventory.
- Hand-pour candle wax into molds.
- Prepare fragrance blends.
- Set up packaging station.
- Order custom packaging materials.
- Package candles.
- Prepare for dispatch.
You can visualize this information on a task board for today (12th September 2024), organizing tasks in a linear order and tracking their progress as they move through different stages. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the realm of small businesses, efficient project management is crucial for success, especially for companies like Radhika Sharma’s, which specializes in handcrafted Indian fragrance candles. This case study explores the intricacies of managing a business where production involves multiple, time-sensitive steps, from sourcing raw materials to the final dispatch of the product. With the unique challenges presented by supply chain dependencies and team coordination, the focus here is on tracking the progress of tasks on a specific day—September
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- You are tasked with organizing an Excel workshop scheduled for 2 days at your college NMIMS premises aimed at final year MBA students. The workshop, priced at 2000 INR for the entire duration, requires meticulous planning and execution to ensure its success. As the student organizer, you have enlisted a team of 7 individuals from the 3rd year of the BBA program to assist in various aspects of workshop management.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Level 0: Excel Workshop Organization
- Preparation Phase
Define Workshop Objectives and Agenda Allocate Responsibilities to Team Members Establish Budget and Financial Planning
- Marketing and Promotion
Design Workshop Brochure
Promote Workshop Among MBA Students
Utilize Social Media Platforms for Promotion
- Logistics Arrangements
Book College Premises for Workshop
Coordinate with Administrative Office for Permissions
Ensure Availability of Computer Lab with Internet Access
- Faculty and Administrative Liaison
Liaise with 2 Faculty Members for Workshop Content Coordinate with Administrative Office for Workshop Logistics Confirm Availability of Required Classroom Amenities
- Registration Management
Develop Online Registration Portal Monitor Participant Registrations Handle Payment Processing
- Meal Coordination
Coordinate with Ground Floor Dining Hall for Meals
Ensure Provision of Breakfast, Lunch, and High-Tea
- Workshop Materials and Equipment
Prepare Workshop Kits or Takeaways
Coordinate with IT Team for Computer Lab Setup
Arrange Required Classroom Equipment
- Workshop Execution
Ensure Smooth Flow of Workshop Sessions
Handle Participant Queries and Concerns
Facilitate Interaction Between Participants and Instructors
Post-Workshop Activities
- Gather Feedback from Participants
Assess Workshop Effectiveness
Document Lessons Learned for Future Workshops
Assigned Team Members:
- Akshay
- Divya
- Aarav
- Ishika
- Arjun
- Ananya
- Rahul
Your task is to oversee the organization of the Excel workshop by ensuring each task is efficiently managed and executed by the assigned team members according to the provided Work Breakdown Structure.
Note: You as a leader are free to assign tasks to team members. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Organizing a two-day Excel workshop at NMIMS for final-year MBA students is an ambitious endeavor that necessitates careful planning and coordination. As the student organizer, my primary responsibility is to ensure that each aspect of the workshop—from its conception to execution—is meticulously managed. To achieve this, I have enlisted a dedicated team of seven third-year BBA students, each bringing unique skills and enthusiasm to the project. The workshop, priced at 2000 INR, aims not only to enhance the participants’ Excel skills but also to foster networking and collaborative learning among peers. This
- Mahesh Enterprises is planning to establish a new grocery store in a busy neighborhood in Mumbai, India. The store will offer a wide range of products including fruits, vegetables, grains, spices, dairy, and household essentials. Before the store can open its doors to customers, several tasks need to be completed:
- Draw Activity on Arrow, write project completion time in the conclusion. (Draw the diagram using MS word only) (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Mahesh Enterprises is embarking on the exciting project of opening a new grocery store in a bustling neighborhood of Mumbai. This venture will require meticulous planning and organization to ensure that all necessary steps are efficiently executed before the store’s grand opening. Key to this planning is developing a clear visual project management tool such as an Activity on Arrow (AoA) network diagram, which will map out the critical tasks and their dependencies.
Concept and Application
The establishment of a new grocery store involves a series of interconnected activities that must be carefully managed to meet the project timeline and ensure a successful launch. The Activity on Arrow (AoA) diagram provides a visual representation of these activities, showcasing the sequence and dependencies that exist between tasks. This method helps in identifying the critical path, which determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Below is a
- Draw Activity on Node, write project completion time in the conclusion. (Draw the diagram using MS word only) (5 Marks)
|
Immediate Activity |
Description |
Predecessor |
Duration
(weeks) |
||||
|
A |
Conduct market
research and identify potential locations for the store. |
– |
6 |
||||
|
B |
Develop the initial layout and design of the store, considering space optimization and product display. |
– |
8 |
||||
|
C |
Obtain approval from the local municipal corporation for establishing the store. |
A, B |
12 |
||||
|
D |
Select an architect or
interior designer to finalize the store layout and interior design. |
C |
4 |
||||
|
E |
Establish a budget for
purchasing inventory, setting up infrastructure, and hiring staff. |
C |
6 |
||||
|
F |
Finalize the store layout and interior design with the selected architect or interior designer. |
D, E |
15 |
||||
|
G |
Secure financing
from a bank or financial institution for the store setup. |
E |
12 |
||||
|
H |
Recruit and hire staff
for various roles including store managers, sales executives, and support staff. |
F, G |
8 |
||||
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Mahesh Enterprises is poised to open a new grocery store in Mumbai, necessitating a well-coordinated series of pre-launch activities. To streamline these tasks, an Activity on Node (AoN) diagram proves invaluable, providing a visual representation of all project activities, their sequential relationships, and duration. This approach is pivotal in identifying the critical path and ensuring efficient project management, culminating in the successful launch of the store.
Concept and Application
The Activity on Node (AoN) diagram is an essential tool in project management, especially useful in
Strategic Management
June 2024 Examination
- A start-up in the field of Artificial Intelligence has created a Vision Statement stating “We bring convenience to our customer’s lives”. They wish to become a unicorn in the next 5 years. Assume you have joined this company as manager. How would you formulate a strategic intent statement that aligns with the company’s long-term goals and drives actionable initiatives to achieve Unicorn status in this market? (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The journey of a start-up aspiring to attain unicorn status, defined by a valuation of over $1 billion, demands a compelling strategic intent that aligns closely with its visionary goals. In the dynamic and competitive field of Artificial Intelligence, the statement “We bring convenience to our customer’s lives” lays down a foundational customer-centric vision. As a manager in this burgeoning company, the challenge lies in crafting a strategic intent that not only resonates with this vision but also sets a clear, actionable path towards achieving substantial
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- What is a Business Model in Strategic Management? Analyse the thought behind the setting up of Open Network for Digital Commerce [ONDC] by the Government of India. What do think is the business model of ONDC (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of strategic management, a business model delineates the mechanism through which a company creates, delivers, and captures value in economic, social, and cultural contexts. Understanding this framework is crucial for businesses aiming to establish a competitive edge and achieve sustainable success. In examining the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)
- Please answer the following
- Explain how is competitive advantage generated by creation of Industrial Clusters like Technology Parks, Export Processing Zones or Special Economic Zones or certain locations. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Industrial clusters, including Technology Parks, Export Processing Zones (EPZs), and Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are strategically created to foster concentrated economic activities. These clusters generate competitive advantage by leveraging collective efficiencies, shared resources, and synergistic benefits, significantly impacting local and national economies.
Concept and
- Analyze how Bangalore as a location is creating a competitive advantage for India’s IT Sector? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Bangalore, often dubbed the “Silicon Valley of India,” has emerged as a pivotal hub for the IT sector, contributing significantly to India’s status as a global technology leader. The city’s unique ecosystem offers a blend of entrepreneurial spirit, technological prowess, and robust infrastructure,